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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. In...
Nucleoid01:24

Nucleoid

The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...

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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
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Published on: December 29, 2015

Extracellular nucleic acids.

Valentin V Vlassov1, Pavel P Laktionov, Elena Y Rykova

  • 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia. valentin.vlassov@niboch.nsc.ru

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|June 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular DNA and RNA are vital in ecosystems and organisms, playing roles in microbial communities and disease. Research explores their potential for noninvasive diagnostics and intercellular communication.

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Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
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Separation of Single-stranded DNA, Double-stranded DNA and RNA from an Environmental Viral Community Using Hydroxyapatite Chromatography

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Extracellular nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are present in diverse environments and biological fluids.
  • Emerging evidence highlights significant biological roles for extracellular DNA and RNA in microbial communities and higher organisms.
  • Extracellular DNA is crucial for bacterial biofilms and horizontal gene transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological significance of extracellular nucleic acids.
  • To discuss their association with diseases and potential in diagnostics.
  • To explore their role in intercellular communication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on extracellular nucleic acids.
  • Analysis of data concerning the roles of extracellular DNA and RNA in biological systems.
  • Examination of research on circulating nucleic acids for disease diagnostics.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular DNA and RNA have demonstrated important biological functions.
  • Circulating extracellular nucleic acids are linked to various diseases.
  • Noninvasive diagnostic methods using circulating DNA and RNA are under development.
  • Nucleic acid exchange between cells and the extracellular environment suggests novel biological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular nucleic acids are fundamental components in both environmental and biological contexts.
  • Their involvement in disease pathogenesis and potential as diagnostic biomarkers is a key area of research.
  • Further investigation is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and implications of extracellular nucleic acid exchange.