Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 17, 2017
Utilizing unsymmetrical indirect covariance processing to define 15N- 13C connectivity networks
Gary E Martin1, Patrick A Irish, Bruce D Hilton
1Schering-Plough Research Institute, Rapid Structure Characterization Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Summit, NJ 07901, USA. gary.martin@spcorp.com
Researchers developed novel indirect covariance NMR methods to combine 1H-13C and 1H-15N heteronuclear shift correlation spectra. This approach aids in determining 15N-13C correlation pathways for small molecule structure elucidation.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
- Structural Elucidation of Small Molecules
- Organic Chemistry
Background:
- Direct and long-range 1H-15N heteronuclear shift correlation methods are crucial for small molecule structure determination at natural abundance.
- Indirect covariance NMR methods are gaining interest for their ability to combine discrete NMR experiments.
- Previous work introduced unsymmetrical indirect covariance methods for generating hyphenated 2D NMR spectra like GHSQC-COSY and GHSQC-NOESY.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the application of unsymmetrical indirect covariance NMR methods.
- To combine 1H-13C GHSQC and 1H-15N long-range heteronuclear chemical shift correlation spectra.
- To establish 15N-13C correlation pathways.
Main Methods:
- Utilized unsymmetrical indirect covariance NMR techniques.
- Integrated 1H-13C GHSQC spectra with various 1H-15N long-range spectra (e.g., GHMBC, IMPEACH-MBC, CIGAR-HMBC).
- Applied these methods to determine 15N-13C correlation pathways.
Main Results:
- Successfully demonstrated the combination of 1H-13C GHSQC and 1H-15N long-range heteronuclear shift correlation spectra.
- Enabled the determination of 15N-13C correlation pathways.
- Showcased the utility of unsymmetrical indirect covariance NMR for advanced spectral analysis.
Conclusions:
- Unsymmetrical indirect covariance NMR methods provide a powerful tool for combining different heteronuclear NMR experiments.
- This approach enhances the structural elucidation of small molecules by establishing 15N-13C correlations.
- The reported methodology offers a new avenue for complex NMR data analysis.
Related Concept Videos
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)
Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

