Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Health Literacy

Health Literacy

Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...

Drug Dependence

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...

Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment

Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment

Product specifications define the acceptable quality of a pharmaceutical product by ensuring identity, purity, potency, and strength. These specifications serve as benchmarks during development, manufacturing, and post-approval quality control. Clinically relevant specifications are particularly important because they directly relate to a drug's safety and efficacy in clinical use.Dissolution studies are critical biopharmaceutic tools that link in vitro behavior to in vivo performance. They...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Exploring medical students' simulation learning experience in Rwanda: a qualitative study.

BMC medical education·2025

Same author

Do pediatric oral suspension acetaminophen and ibuprofen product labeling and online resources facilitate intended use?

Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy·2023

Same author

Health literacy characteristics of over-the-counter rapid antigen COVID-19 test materials.

Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP·2022

Same author

A longitudinal descriptive assessment of US college COVID-19 dashboards.

Journal of American college health : J of ACH·2022

Same author

Deprescribing Inappropriate Proton Pump Inhibitors in a Family Medicine Residency Practice Office.

PRiMER (Leawood, Kan.)·2021

Same author

Maternity Care Tracks at US Family Medicine Residency Programs.

Family medicine·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics

Published on: June 17, 2022

Development and validation of a low-literacy opioid contract.

Lorraine S Wallace¹, Amy J Keenum, Steven E Roskos

¹University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee 37920, USA. lwallace@mc.utmck.edu

The Journal of Pain

|June 16, 2007

Summary

A new, easy-to-understand opioid contract (OPC) was developed and validated for patients. This low-literacy tool ensures patients comprehend medication guidelines and responsibilities, improving safe opioid use.

More Related Videos

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics

Published on: June 17, 2022

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Medical Education
Patient Adherence
Health Literacy

Background:

Opioid contracts (OPCs) are crucial for defining safe opioid prescription criteria.
Existing OPCs often present barriers due to low health literacy.
There is a need for accessible patient-provider communication tools.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an English-language, low-literacy opioid contract (OPC).
To ensure clear communication of medication administration, patient responsibilities, and expectations.
To create a tool that enhances patient comprehension and adherence.

Main Methods:

A four-step process: content identification, adherence to low-literacy guidelines, Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) evaluation, and patient pilot testing (n=18).
Content developed from literature review and expert consensus.
Formatted using large font (16-24pt), 7th-grade reading level, 6 pages, and 12 illustrations.

Main Results:

The OPC was scored in the superior range by SAM criteria.
Pilot testing showed 19 out of 26 statements were comprehended by all patients.
The final OPC is comprehensive, valid, readable, and adheres to low-literacy standards.

Conclusions:

A low-literacy, English-language OPC was successfully developed and validated.
The OPC's format and content are suitable for routine clinical practice.
This tool can improve understanding and safe use of opioid medications.