Diagnostic imaging: magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint. The TMJ is a freely movable articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the squamous portion of the temporal bone at the base of the skull. The bilateral articulation of the mandible to the cranium implies that the left and right TMJs must act as a single unit. Physical examination alone is inaccurate in determining the status of the joint. The primary rationale for imaging the TMJ lies in the fact that mechanical internal derangement is treated differently from the multiple miscellaneous disorders. It is mandatory to have a correct knowledge of the joint anatomy and normal function that correlates with conventional and cross-sectional imaging studies. The TMJ is illustrated with an overview of imaging strategies and techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound.