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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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The workability of concrete is a crucial property that affects its handling, placing, and finishing during construction. It describes the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished. Workability is primarily concerned with the concrete's movement and its ability to resist internal friction and external resistance from molds and reinforcements during the application process.
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The workability of concrete is a critical characteristic that influences the ease of mixing, handling, and finishing the concrete. It is affected by several factors including water content, aggregate properties, and admixtures like air entrainment. Water plays a fundamental role as it lubricates the concrete mix, facilitating easier movement and placement. However, the water requirement varies depending on the texture and shape of aggregates. Finer particles and angular, rough-textured...
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The concrete is placed as close as possible to its final position to avoid segregation. The placed concrete is then fully compacted to expel the entrapped air, and the next layer of concrete is laid while the underlying layer is still in the plastic state. The rate at which concrete is placed and compacted is kept equal.
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As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
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This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
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Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility
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On the effectiveness in implementing a waste-management-plan method in construction.

Vivian W Y Tam1

  • 1Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, PMB 50 Gold Coast Mail Centre, QLD 9726, Australia. v.tam@griffith.edu.au

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The waste management plan (WMP) method in Hong Kong construction projects offers benefits like material reuse but faces challenges such as low financial incentives. Prefabricated components are key to improving WMP implementation.

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Area of Science:

  • Construction Management
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Sustainable Development

Background:

  • Growing concerns over construction and demolition waste have elevated waste management's importance in construction project management.
  • The Hong Kong government mandated a waste management plan (WMP) for all construction projects starting in 2003.
  • Industry feedback indicated that detailed WMP procedures significantly impact company productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of the current waste management plan (WMP) implementation in Hong Kong's construction industry.
  • To identify the primary benefits and challenges associated with the WMP method.
  • To determine effective measures for encouraging WMP adoption.

Main Methods:

  • A questionnaire survey was administered to construction industry professionals.
  • Structured interviews were conducted to gather in-depth insights.
  • Data analysis focused on perceived benefits, difficulties, and potential improvements.

Main Results:

  • Key benefits identified include proposing on-site material reuse and waste reduction methods.
  • Major implementation difficulties cited are low financial incentives and increased overhead costs.
  • The use of prefabricated building components emerged as a significant measure to enhance WMP implementation.

Conclusions:

  • The WMP method provides tangible benefits for waste reduction and material reuse in construction.
  • Addressing financial incentives and overhead costs is crucial for successful WMP adoption.
  • Integrating prefabricated building components can effectively promote better waste management practices in the construction sector.