Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes02:45

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cyclometalated Anionic Benzimidazole-Based Luminescent Iridium Complexes with Tunable Organelle-Specific Cell Imaging.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Specific Ion Effects of Chaotropic and Superchaotropic Anions Probed by Raman Hydration-Shell Spectroscopy.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

BASHY dyes as modular chromophores for multifaceted biorelevant applications: from imaging to photodynamic therapy.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Photovermellogens: Minimalistic Pyridinium-Based Acylhydrazones with Photoswitchable Basicity for Operation in Aqueous Media.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Molecular Engineering for Nonlinear Fluorescence: En Route to Three-Photon Absorption via Sequential One-Photon Excitation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Heteroaryl iminothioindoxyl (HA-ITI) photoswitches <i>via</i> regioselective aza-Wittig synthesis: unifying red-shifted absorption, large <i>E</i>/<i>Z</i> band separation, and tunable thermal recovery.

Chemical science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Kinetic solvent effects on hydrogen abstraction reactions.

Apurba L Koner1, Uwe Pischel, Werner M Nau

  • 1School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany.

Organic Letters
|June 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Kinetic solvent effects accelerate hydrogen abstractions from C-H and Sn-H bonds, not just O-H bonds. Reactions are fastest in nonpolar solvents, indicating broader applicability of these solvent effects.

More Related Videos

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
12:08

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
12:08

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Chemical kinetics
  • Solvent effects
  • Reaction mechanisms

Background:

  • Kinetic solvent effects typically accelerate hydrogen abstractions involving O-H bonds in nonpolar solvents.
  • This phenomenon was previously thought to be limited to O-H hydrogen donors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether kinetic solvent effects extend to hydrogen abstractions from C-H and Sn-H bonds.
  • To determine the influence of solvent polarity on the rate of these abstractions.

Main Methods:

  • Studied hydrogen abstractions by cumyloxyl radicals and n,pi*-excited 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene.
  • Compared reaction rates in the gas phase, nonpolar solvents, and acetonitrile.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogen abstractions from C-H and Sn-H bonds were found to be fastest in the gas phase and nonpolar solvents.
  • These reactions were slowest in the polar solvent acetonitrile.
  • Demonstrated that kinetic solvent effects on hydrogen abstractions are more general than previously assumed.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent effects on hydrogen abstractions are not restricted to O-H donors.
  • Polar solvents, like acetonitrile, appear to stabilize reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, slowing down abstractions.
  • These findings broaden the understanding of solvent influence on chemical reaction rates.