Antithyroid antibodies and thyroid dysfunction in Saudi children with Down syndrome

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Endocrinology
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Down syndrome (DS) is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disorders.
• Thyroid dysfunction is a common comorbidity in individuals with DS.
• Early detection of thyroid autoimmunity is crucial for managing potential health complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies in children with Down syndrome.
• To compare antibody levels with age- and sex-matched controls.
• To assess the incidence of hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis in this cohort.

Main Methods:

• Serological testing for antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies was performed.
• Fifty children with Down syndrome were compared to age- and sex-matched controls.
• Clinical evaluation for thyroid disease was conducted.

Main Results:

• 14% of children with Down syndrome were seropositive for antithyroid antibodies.
• 6% had antimicrosomal antibodies, and 3% had both antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies.
• 3% of children with Down syndrome exhibited hypothyroidism, with two cases linked to autoimmune thyroiditis.

Conclusions:

• Children with Down syndrome have a significantly higher prevalence of antithyroid antibodies compared to controls.
• Autoimmune thyroiditis is a notable cause of hypothyroidism in children with DS.
• Routine screening for thyroid autoantibodies and dysfunction is recommended for children with Down syndrome.