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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Data Collection by Survey01:07

Data Collection by Survey

The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...
Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
Sample Proportion and Population Proportion01:20

Sample Proportion and Population Proportion

Collecting samples or responses from an entire population takes significant time and effort, so a researcher collects responses from only a sample of that population. Suppose a study needs to collect information about a specific mobile application. After sample collection, the researcher analyzes the data and discovers that most individuals in the sample use that specific mobile application. The sample proportion measures the number of individuals in a sample who either use or don't use the...
Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
Response Surface Methodology01:16

Response Surface Methodology

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

How to increase response rates to postal questionnaires.

Derek Richards1

  • 1Centre for Evidence-based Dentistry, Oxford, UK.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
|June 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This systematic review identified effective strategies to boost postal questionnaire response rates for health researchers. Implementing these methods can improve data collection accuracy and study validity.

Area of Science:

  • Health Research Methodology
  • Survey Research
  • Evidence-Based Practice

Background:

  • Postal questionnaires are a common data collection tool in health research.
  • Low response rates can introduce bias and limit the generalizability of findings.
  • Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing evidence on effective methodological strategies.

Discussion:

  • This review synthesized data from 372 randomized controlled trials evaluating 98 different methods to increase postal questionnaire response rates.
  • Analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in results for many strategies.
  • Specific strategies were identified that either increase or decrease response rates, providing actionable insights for researchers.

Key Insights:

  • Strategies to increase response rates include [specific examples from table 1, if available in the abstract].

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
08:27

Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits

Published on: September 27, 2019

  • Conversely, including sensitive questions, starting with general questions, and offering opt-out options were found to decrease response rates.
  • The odds ratios and confidence intervals provide quantitative measures of the effectiveness and precision of these strategies.

    • Outlook:

    • Future research should focus on refining and validating the most effective strategies across diverse populations and research contexts.
    • Dissemination of these findings can lead to improved methodological standards in health research.
    • Continued evaluation of survey methodologies is essential for maintaining research integrity.