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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...

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A Rat Model of Compound Acne
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Juvenile acanthosis nigricans.

Smeeta Sinha1, Robert A Schwartz

  • 1Department of Dermatology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|June 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Acanthosis nigricans, a skin condition, is increasingly diagnosed in obese children and adolescents. It can signal serious health issues like insulin resistance or malignancy.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Acanthosis nigricans presents as velvety epidermal thickening, typically in skin folds.
  • It is increasingly prevalent in obese children and adolescents.
  • This condition can be a cutaneous marker for underlying insulin resistance or malignancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review acanthosis nigricans in the pediatric population.
  • To highlight its association with insulin resistance and malignancy.
  • To discuss the clinical significance of this disorder in children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of acanthosis nigricans in pediatric cases.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and associations.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and management considerations.

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Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis
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Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis

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Main Results:

  • Acanthosis nigricans is a significant indicator of insulin resistance in pediatric obesity.
  • While rare, malignancy-associated acanthosis nigricans warrants consideration in specific pediatric syndromes.
  • Insulin resistance itself poses a substantial health risk.

Conclusions:

  • Acanthosis nigricans is an important dermatological sign in children and adolescents.
  • Early recognition is crucial for identifying and managing associated metabolic and oncologic risks.
  • Further research into pediatric acanthosis nigricans and its sequelae is warranted.