[Imaging findings in catamenial pneumothorax]

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Gynecology
• Radiology

Context:

• Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare condition occurring in women of reproductive age.
• It is characterized by recurrent episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax synchronized with the menstrual cycle.
• Diagnosis can be challenging due to non-specific symptoms and variable imaging findings.

Purpose:

• To illustrate the clinical presentation and characteristic imaging findings of catamenial pneumothorax.
• To highlight the role of advanced imaging modalities in detecting associated pleural abnormalities.
• To correlate imaging findings with surgical and histological results.

Summary:

• This study reviewed six women with catamenial pneumothorax, analyzing plain-film radiography, CT, and MR findings.
• CT and MR imaging were valuable in identifying pleural nodules and lesions not apparent on plain radiographs.
• Surgical findings included diaphragmatic blebs and bullae in most patients, with endometriosis confirmed histologically in one case.

Impact:

• Emphasizes the importance of considering catamenial pneumothorax in women with recurrent pneumothorax and menstrual correlation.
• Demonstrates the utility of CT and MR imaging in diagnosing this condition and guiding surgical intervention.
• Contributes to a better understanding of the imaging spectrum and pathological basis of catamenial pneumothorax.