A brief history of lower genital tract screening

The history of lower genital tract screening covers discoveries that occurred in the middle of the last century and involves methodologies (cytologic and non-cytologic techniques) that, for decades, were independently used by different global regions. At present, cytologic testing has become an initial screening test, and non-cytologic testing (colposcopy and iodine application) has evolved into the secondary diagnostic test for selected individuals. In the future, tests that are less subjective and more specific may enhance or eventually replace these methodologies, whereas prevention may become as important as screening.