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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:27

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
Divergence and Curl of Electric Field01:25

Divergence and Curl of Electric Field

The divergence of a vector is a measure of how much the vector spreads out (diverges) from a point. For example, an electric field vector diverges from the positive charge and converges at the negative charge. The divergence of an electric field is derived using Gauss's law and is equal to the charge density divided by the permittivity of space. Mathematically, it is expressed as

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MRM Microcoil Performance Calibration and Usage Demonstrated on Medicago truncatula Roots at 22 T
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Published on: January 16, 2021

The helix-coil transition revisited.

Yantao Chen1, Yaoqi Zhou, Jiandong Ding

  • 1Department of Macromolecular Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

Proteins
|June 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study uses dynamic Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the helix-coil transition in polypeptides. A new analytical approximation improves predictions for helical block length, especially for longer chains, by refining nucleation models.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational physics
  • Polymer physics
  • Statistical thermodynamics

Background:

  • The helix-coil transition is crucial for protein folding and function.
  • Existing statistical theories like Zimm-Bragg have limitations for medium and long chains.
  • Accurate modeling of nucleation and propagation is essential for understanding this transition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of the helix-coil transition using a bond-fluctuation lattice model.
  • To compare simulation results with the Zimm-Bragg theory and its approximations.
  • To develop improved analytical models for predicting helical block lengths.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic Monte Carlo simulation with a bond-fluctuation lattice model.
  • Parameter determination from simulation data for the Zimm-Bragg theory.
  • Development and application of a large-eigenvalue (lambda) approximation.
  • Proposal of a new nucleation mechanism involving short helical blocks.

Main Results:

  • The Zimm-Bragg theory accurately describes the helix-coil transition for N=32 chains.
  • A large-N approximation to Zimm-Bragg fails for average helix-block length at high helicity.
  • The proposed large-eigenvalue approximation significantly improves agreement with simulation data for helix-block length.
  • A revised nucleation mechanism (short helical block) further enhances agreement with simulation data for longer chains.

Conclusions:

  • The Zimm-Bragg theory is satisfactory for medium-length homopolypeptide chains.
  • Improved analytical approximations are needed for accurate helix-block length prediction, especially for longer chains.
  • Revising the nucleation mechanism in theoretical models is critical for accurately describing the helix-coil transition in longer polypeptide chains.