Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Anti-cancer activity of <i>C. cainito</i> leaves explained using its compounds docked with p53.

Bioinformation·2023

Same author

Medical genetics studies at BGRS conference series.

BMC medical genetics·2019

Same author

Diosgenin a phytosterol substitute for cholesterol, prolongs the lifespan and mitigates glucose toxicity via DAF-16/FOXO and GST-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2017

Same author

Functional annotation of introns in mitochondrial genome--a brief review.

Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis·2014

Same author

Preparation and characterization of biopolymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery.

Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics·2010

Same author

In silico point mutation and evolutionary trace analysis applied to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in deciphering ligand-binding surfaces.

Journal of molecular modeling·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

Comparative genomics - a perspective.

Selvarajan Sivashankari¹, Piramanayagam Shanmughavel

¹Department of Bioinformatics, Kongunadu Arts & Science College, Coimbatore - 641029.

|June 29, 2007

Summary

Comparative genomics leverages sequenced genomes to reveal genome evolution and function. This approach aids in discovering new gene functions by comparing genomes across species.

Area of Science:

Genomics
Evolutionary Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

The field of comparative genomics has advanced significantly with the increasing availability of fully sequenced genomes.
Genome analysis across different organisms provides a global perspective on evolutionary processes.
The abundance of sequenced genomes enhances the ability to predict and understand genome design, function, and evolution.

Observation:

Comparing complete genomes allows for a comprehensive view of evolutionary trajectories.
The predictive power of comparative genomics is amplified by the growing number of available genome sequences.
Analyzing human genes alongside those from other species within a genomic landscape is a key strategy.

Findings:

Comparative genomics facilitates the identification of novel functions for un-annotated genes.

More Related Videos

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

Techniques in comparative genomics are continually evolving, providing deeper insights.

The study discusses recent methodologies and their contributions to understanding genome biology.

Implications:

Comparative genomics is crucial for assigning functions to previously uncharacterized genes.
This field offers powerful tools for deciphering complex genomic information.
The insights gained advance our understanding of genome design, function, and evolution across diverse life forms.