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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Delayed Inoculation Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection

A Delayed Inoculation Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection

Published on: February 20, 2020

[Whirlpool and pseudomonas infection--a local outbreak].

Kirsti Malterud¹, Janecke Thesen

¹Institutt for samfunnsmedisinske fag, Universitetet i Bergen, Kalfarveien 31, 5018 Bergen. kirsti.malterud@isf.uib.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke

|June 30, 2007

Summary

Hot tub use in Norway is linked to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, often mistaken for other conditions. Proper hot tub maintenance and monitoring are crucial to prevent these bathing-associated infections.

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Hot tubs and whirlpools are popular in Norway, with underrecognized health risks.
Bathing-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections can affect multiple organ systems.
Pseudomonas folliculitis, a common manifestation, is typically self-limiting and requires no antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a local outbreak of hot tub-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
To highlight the varied clinical presentations and potential misdiagnosis of these infections.
To emphasize the importance of hot tub maintenance in preventing infections.

Main Methods:

Case study of a local outbreak involving six individuals using the same hot whirlpool.
Clinical observation and documentation of diverse disease manifestations.
Bacteriological analysis of hot tub water to confirm the source of infection.

Main Results:

The outbreak involved six people with varied symptoms, initially misdiagnosed as impetigo and mastitis/mammary tumor.
Bacteriological specimens from the hot tub strongly suggested it as the source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
The findings indicate that hot tub-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections may be more common than previously thought.

Conclusions:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections from hot tubs can present with diverse symptoms and be misdiagnosed.
Inadequate hot tub maintenance is a likely cause of such infections.
Implementing improved guidelines for hot tub owners and utilizing dip-slide cultures can help prevent bathing-associated Pseudomonas infections.