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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Population-based epidemiologic analysis of acute pyelonephritis.

Christopher A Czaja1, Delia Scholes, Thomas M Hooton

  • 1Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. czajac@u.washington.edu

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|June 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed acute pyelonephritis (kidney infection) trends in a population, finding outpatient cases are most common, particularly in young women. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and treatment choices shifted over five years.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute pyelonephritis is a severe condition with limited population-based incidence data.
  • Understanding trends in etiology, resistance, and treatment is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a population-based analysis of acute pyelonephritis.
  • To examine trends in incidence, microbial causes, antimicrobial resistance, and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computerized records of 4887 enrollees from 1997-2001 for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses.
  • Linked diagnoses with urine culture and antibiotic prescription data for 3236 case patients.
  • Analyzed outpatient and inpatient cases of acute pyelonephritis.

Main Results:

  • Incidence rates were higher in females (12-13/10,000 outpatient, 3-4/10,000 inpatient) than males (2-3/10,000 outpatient, 1-2/10,000 inpatient).
  • Escherichia coli was the primary pathogen (80% in women, 70% in men).
  • Ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli increased (0.2%-1.5%), while trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance decreased (25%-13%). Fluoroquinolone use increased (35%-61%) in outpatients, with a decrease in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use (53%-32%).

Conclusions:

  • The majority of acute pyelonephritis cases now occur in outpatients.
  • This study enhances understanding of acute pyelonephritis epidemiology, particularly in the outpatient setting.