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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity01:24

Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity

A stroke engine has a slider-crank mechanism that converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider.
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Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal tetrahedral value,...
Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes01:25

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
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Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...

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Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

Nonlinear relative rotations in liquid crystalline elastomers.

Andreas M Menzel1, Harald Pleiner, Helmut R Brand

  • 1Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. andreas.menzel@uni-bayreuth.de

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|June 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study models relative rotations in complex materials like liquid crystalline elastomers. The new nonlinear continuum approach reveals distinct effects from these rotations, applicable to magnetic gels and other systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Continuum Mechanics
  • Polymer Physics

Background:

  • Relative rotations in coupled subsystems are critical for continuum modeling.
  • Side-chain liquid crystalline elastomers exhibit decisive rotations between polymer networks and director orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend existing expressions for relative rotations into the nonlinear regime.
  • To investigate nonlinear effects driven by relative rotations in complex materials.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a continuum characterization framework.
  • Extension of relative rotation expressions to nonlinear mechanics.

Main Results:

  • A formalism for investigating nonlinear effects due to relative rotations was established.
  • An illustrative example demonstrating these nonlinear effects was provided.

Conclusions:

  • The developed formalism is applicable to the macroscopic description of magnetic gels.
  • The approach offers a valuable tool for characterizing various complex material systems.