Local cold injuries sustained during military service in the Norwegian Army

The series comprises 40 soldiers who sustained 49 local cold injuries during their service in The Norwegian Army. Twenty-one cold injuries were classified as first degree, 15 as second degree and 13 as third degree. No difference in ambient temperature at the time of injury was observed between the three categories of injuries, but the duration of cold exposure was significantly longer in those suffering third degree injury. Thirty-eight of the 40 soldiers experienced sequelae. The trend was that the severity of sequelae was most pronounced in third degree injuries. However, soldiers with first degree injury may suffer from significant sequelae, while those with third degree injury may exhibit a more benign clinical course. Overall degree of distress from sequelae was mild to moderate with exacerbation of symptoms and signs upon cold exposure. Although the influence on civilian occupational activity was minor, a substantial negative impact on performance in the field or combat setting may be anticipated. Soldiers as well as commanders must be thoroughly informed about prophylactic measures, symptoms and signs of an impending cold injury. Rewarming of the skin must be initiated without delay.