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Periodically relieving ischial sitting load to decrease the risk of pressure ulcers.

Mohsen Makhsous1, Diane M Rowles, William Z Rymer

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. m-makhsous2@northwestern.edu

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|July 3, 2007
PubMed
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An alternate sitting protocol, which periodically reduces ischial support, effectively lowers interface pressure on the buttocks. This method is superior to standard sitting with pushups for managing sitting load, especially for individuals with paraplegia or tetraplegia.

Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation engineering
  • Biomechanics
  • Assistive technology

Background:

  • Prolonged sitting, especially for individuals with spinal cord injuries, can lead to high interface pressures on the ischial tuberosities, increasing the risk of pressure ulcers.
  • Current pressure relief methods like pushups may not be consistently effective or feasible for all users.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of an alternate sitting protocol in reducing interface pressure compared to a standard protocol with pushups.
  • To investigate the pressure redistribution effects of a posture that minimizes ischial support.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory-based repeated measures design was used with three groups: able-bodied individuals, persons with paraplegia, and persons with tetraplegia.
  • Two 1-hour sitting protocols were compared: an alternate protocol (alternating between normal and reduced ischial support postures every 10 minutes) and a normal plus pushup protocol (pushups every 20 minutes).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Interface pressure on the seat and backrest was measured.

    • Main Results:

    • The alternate sitting protocol significantly repositioned concentrated interface pressure from the ischial area to the thighs.
    • Compared to the normal plus pushup protocol, the alternate protocol resulted in significantly lower average interface pressure over the buttocks.
    • This pressure redistribution was observed across all participant groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Periodically reducing ischial support through an alternate sitting protocol is an effective strategy for lowering the sitting load on the buttocks.
    • This approach offers a promising method for pressure ulcer prevention, particularly for the vulnerable areas around the ischial tuberosities.