Effects of manipulating the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway on bovine oocyte meiotic resumption in vitro

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of manipulating the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway on bovine oocyte nuclear maturation in vitro. Cumulus-enclosed oocytes (CEO) were recovered from abattoir-derived ovaries and cultured in M199+FCS for 7 or 21h in the presence of various molecules affecting the NO/cGMP pathway, and then fixed and stained for evaluation of the stage of nuclear maturation. Cyclic GMP levels were also measured in cumulus-oocyte complexes after 3 and 6 h of culture. The iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG, 10 and 50 mM) and the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 and 500 microM) significantly inhibited GVBD after 7h of culture. However, a lower concentration of SNP (0.01 microM) stimulated GVBD. The inhibitory effects of AG and SNP were reversible, indicating that they were not toxic effects. Although SNP (500 microM) increased cGMP levels in cumulus-oocyte complexes after 3 h of culture, the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase ODQ and the protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor KT5823 did not reverse the inhibitory effect of SNP on meiosis, suggesting that SNP does not inhibit meiosis through the cGMP/PKG pathway. Similarly, an analogue of cGMP (8-Bromo-cGMP 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 mM), as well as activation of guanylate cyclase with Protoporphyrin IX or atrial natriuretic peptide, or inhibition of the enzyme with ODQ, did not have any significant effect on GVBD after 7 h of culture, supporting the idea that the effects of AG and SNP were not due to altered cGMP levels. Atrial natriuretic peptide, Protoporphyrin IX and SNP 500 microM increased cGMP levels after 3 h but not 6 h of culture. In conclusion, soluble and particulate guanylate cyclases could be activated in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes, but accumulation of cGMP was probably not responsible for the effects of NO on meiosis.