Reproductive technologies and biobanking for wild felids

The rapid decline of wild felid populations necessitates the integration of in situ and ex situ conservation strategies, aligned with sustainable development, under the One Conservation paradigm. This review examines the evolution, current applications, and future perspectives of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs), biobanking, and advanced biotechnologies in wild felids. Conventional ARTs have advanced significantly; pharmacological semen collection via urethral catheterization and laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) have emerged as highly efficient, welfare-oriented alternatives for gamete recovery. For population management, laparoscopic tubal ligation is highlighted as a safe contraceptive method that preserves ovarian function for future oocyte donation, circumventing the severe pathologies associated with long-term hormonal implants. Beyond conventional ARTs, cutting-edge strategies such as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and the xenotransplantation of gonadal and post-mortem somatic tissues provide critical avenues for rescuing lost genetics from highly valuable individuals. Furthermore, the logistical and analytical bottlenecks of genetic resource banks are being addressed through next-generation biobanking. The paradigm shift toward Predictive Andrology, driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI), enables the accurate forecasting of semen cryotolerance using multi-dimensional biological and environmental data. In conclusion, the synergistic integration of modernized ARTs, advanced tissue biobanking, and AI-driven predictive models is indispensable for safeguarding the felid genomic reservoir and ensuring their long-term survival.