Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

Liver Regeneration

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...

Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Detection and characterization of bacterial polysaccharides in drug-resistant enterococci.

Glycoconjugate journal·2019

Same author

Current state of nonsurgical therapies for cholangiocarcinoma.

Hepatic oncology·2018

Same author

[From Molecuar to Natural Medicine].

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2018

Same author

The human microbiome.

Advances in medical sciences·2017

Same author

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2016

Same author

[Drug induced liver injury].

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma: an update.

Hubert E Blum¹, Hans Christian Spangenberg

¹Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. hubert.blum@uniklinik-freiburg.de

Archives of Iranian Medicine

|July 3, 2007

Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global cancer with limited survival improvements despite advances. Early diagnosis and novel systemic therapies are crucial for improving outcomes in advanced HCC.

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Oncology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent global malignancy.
Despite advances in understanding hepatocarcinogenesis and early detection, patient survival has stagnated.
Late-stage diagnosis and limited therapeutic options contribute to poor prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
To highlight the challenges in diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
To emphasize the need for early detection, novel systemic therapies, and prevention strategies for HCC.

Main Methods:

Literature review of HCC etiologies, risk factors, and pathogenesis.
Analysis of current therapeutic interventions for HCC, including surgical, percutaneous, transarterial, radiation, and systemic therapies.

More Related Videos

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

Discussion of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in advanced HCC cases.

Main Results:

Current treatments are effective for early-stage HCC but >80% of patients present with advanced disease.
Limited therapeutic options exist for patients with multicentric HCC, advanced liver disease, or comorbidities.
Existing therapies often restricted to best supportive care for advanced HCC patients.

Conclusions:

Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical.
Development of novel systemic therapies for advanced HCC is paramount.
Further research into molecular events using gene expression profiling and proteomics is needed for new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.