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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Computational Toxicology

Background:

  • Mechanistic bioaccumulation models are vital for assessing chemical risks in aquatic ecosystems but are lacking for terrestrial food webs.
  • Current criteria for bioaccumulative substances are inadequate for air-breathing organisms like mammals and birds, leaving their risks unrecognized.
  • This gap hinders effective environmental hazard assessment and regulation for terrestrial ecosystems and human health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a novel modeling framework for estimating biomagnification potential and organism-soil bioaccumulation factors in terrestrial food chains.
  • To address the absence of risk assessment tools for bioaccumulative chemicals in terrestrial environments.
  • To improve the identification and regulation of bioaccumulative substances for protecting air-breathing organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mechanistic modeling framework for terrestrial food chains.
  • Testing the model using a soil-earthworm-shrew food chain.
  • Application of the model to analyze chemical properties, including octanol-air (K(OA)) and octanol-water (K(ow)) partition coefficients, and metabolic rates.

Main Results:

  • Chemicals with an octanol-air partition coefficient (K(OA)) below 10^5.25 do not biomagnify in terrestrial food webs, irrespective of high octanol-water partition coefficients (K(ow)).
  • Chemicals with K(OA) >= 10^5.25 and K(ow) between 10^1.75 and 10^12 exhibit biomagnification potential.
  • Biomagnification potential is negated by rapid metabolism (e.g., > 0.3 d^-1 or half-life < 2.5 d in shrews).

Conclusions:

  • The developed modeling framework effectively estimates biomagnification potential and bioaccumulation factors in terrestrial food chains.
  • The study provides critical insights into the behavior of bioaccumulative chemicals in terrestrial ecosystems, differentiating them from aquatic systems.
  • These findings are essential for updating regulatory criteria to adequately protect mammals, birds, and humans from chemical risks.