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Can breastfeeding avert the appearance of growth pains during childhood?
Angelos Kaspiris1, Chrisi Zafiropoulou, Olympia Tsadira
1Department of Orthopaedics, Karamandanio General Children's Hospital - NHS, Patras, Greece. angkaspiris@hotmail.com
Insights
Breastfeeding significantly reduces the occurrence and intensity of recurrent lower extremity pains in children. Longer breastfeeding duration further lowers the incidence of these growth pains.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Musculoskeletal Health
- Childhood Development
Background:
- Recurrent lower extremity pains, or growth pains, are common in children, but their cause is not fully understood.
- Previous research explored factors like physical activity and family history, but the role of breastfeeding was unexamined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether breastfeeding can prevent or reduce the severity and duration of recurrent lower extremity pains in children.
- To analyze the relationship between breastfeeding status, duration, and the incidence of growth pains.
Main Methods:
- A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview mothers of 532 children.
- Children were assessed for recurrent lower extremity pains using Petersen's criteria.
Main Results:
- 130 children met the criteria for growth pains.
- Non-breastfed children had a 32.5% incidence of pain, compared to 19.6% in breastfed children (p=0.001).
- Children breastfed for over 40 days showed a lower pain incidence (16.2%) than those breastfed for up to 40 days (29.8%, p=0.001).
Conclusions:
- Breastfeeding is significantly associated with a lower incidence of recurrent lower extremity pains in children.
- The duration of breastfeeding appears to be a critical factor in mitigating growth pains.
- Breastfeeding did not influence the type or frequency of pain in children who experienced growth pains.
Abstract:
Recurrent pains of the lower extremities (growth pains) constitute the most frequent cause of musculoskeletal pains in children. The disorder's pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Numerous researchers have tried to ascertain this by studying the anthropometrical characteristics of the children they examined, their family history and levels of physical activity, even their psychological background. To date though, no study has looked into whether breastfeeding may avert their appearance or limit their intensity and duration. Aiming to investigate the above theory, we conducted interviews with the mothers of 532 children, using a semiconstructed questionnaire. According to Petersen's criteria, 130 children presented growth pains during the last year. Specifically, 32.5% of non-breastfed children presented recurrent lower extremity pains, whereas such pains were identified in only 19.6% of breastfed children (p value = 0.001 < 0.005). The duration of breastfeeding also seems to play an important role. Indeed, amongst children breastfed for up to 40 days, the percentage of those presenting pain is 29.8%, whereas in those breastfed for more than 40 days, the respective percentage fell to 16.2% (p value = 0.001 < 0.005). These results show that there is a statistically significant dependence between the presentation of pains and whether the child had been breastfed or not, as well as the duration of breastfeeding during infancy. On the contrary, in children presenting growth pains, breastfeeding does not seem to affect the type or frequency of pain.
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