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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview01:10

Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview

Silica gel column chromatography is a technique for separating compounds using a column packed with silica gel as the stationary phase. This method relies on differences in the polarity of compounds. Based on their polarities, compounds move between the stationary phase (silica gel) and the mobile phase (the solvent), forming discrete bands in the column.
Polar components tend to bind strongly to the silica gel, causing them to move slowly through the column. In contrast, nonpolar compounds...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases01:17

Gas Chromatography: Types of Columns and Stationary Phases

Gas chromatography (GC) relies on stationary phases to separate and analyze components in a sample. There are two main types of stationary phases: liquid and solid. Liquid stationary phases are non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically inert liquids coated onto the column. Solid stationary phases are particles of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or molecular sieves.
For an analyte to remain on the column for a sufficient amount of time, it must exhibit some level of compatibility (or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach
13:36

Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach

Published on: December 4, 2021

A strategy to develop fast RP-HPLC methods using monolithic silica columns.

Sami El Deeb1, Lutz Preu, Hermann Wätzig

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.

Journal of Separation Science
|July 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a method development strategy for monolithic silica columns in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). It enables faster separations, especially for complex basic mixtures, without damaging the column.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • Monolithic silica columns offer high permeability and performance advantages over conventional columns.
  • Method transferability and development strategies for monolithic columns require adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a clear and updated strategy for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) method development using monolithic silica columns.
  • To demonstrate the applicability of this strategy for diverse sample types, including complex basic mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the influence of key parameters: flow rate, column length, mobile phase composition, pH, and temperature.
  • Applied high isocratic flow rates enabled by monolithic column permeability.
  • Detailed the method development process, including the use of a flow program.

Main Results:

  • Developed a strategy applicable to acidic, basic, and neutral sample compositions.
  • Demonstrated successful separation of complex basic mixtures without harsh mobile phases.
  • Highlighted the potential for decreased method development time using high flow rates.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed strategy facilitates efficient method development on monolithic silica columns.
  • Monolithic columns are suitable for challenging separations, preserving column integrity.
  • Optimized method development can be achieved by understanding parameter influences.