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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

Disorders of human dentin.

P Suzanne Hart1, Thomas C Hart

  • 1National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. shart@mail.nih.gov

Cells, Tissues, Organs
|July 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Mutations in dentin phosphoprotein (DSPP) cause dentin defects, including dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia. These disorders represent a spectrum of phenotypes, from mild to severe, linked to DSPP gene mutations.

Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Dental Tissue Engineering
  • Genetics of Dental Disorders

Background:

  • Dentin is the primary mineralized tissue of teeth, comprising 70% mineral, 20% organic matrix (primarily Type I collagen), and 10% water.
  • Odontoblasts, derived from dental papilla mesenchymal cells, synthesize dentin through a regulated process of mineralization.
  • Dentin matrix proteins, including dentin phosphoprotein (DSPP), are crucial for dentin formation and mineralization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification and genetic basis of dentin defects.
  • To investigate the role of DSPP mutations in dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) and dentin dysplasia (DD).
  • To propose a unified classification of DSPP-associated dentin defects based on phenotypic continuum.

Main Methods:

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  • Literature review of genetic studies on dentin disorders.
  • Analysis of clinical phenotypes associated with DSPP mutations.
  • Genetic analysis of patients with DI and DD.

    • Main Results:

    • Mutations in the DSPP gene are identified as the cause of DI types II and III, and DD type II.
    • Clinical manifestations of DSPP mutations span a spectrum from mild (DD type II) to severe (DI type III).
    • Phenotypic variability suggests a continuum of disorders rather than distinct classifications.

    Conclusions:

    • Dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia associated with DSPP mutations should be considered a single spectrum of DSPP-associated dentin defects.
    • DD type II represents the mild end and DI type III the severe end of this phenotypic continuum.
    • Understanding the genetic basis of DSPP mutations aids in accurate diagnosis and management of dentin defects.