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Carbohydrates in therapeutics.

Michelle Kilcoyne1, Lokesh Joshi

  • 1Harrington Department of Bioengineering and the Centre for Glycosciences and Technology, the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

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Carbohydrate-based therapeutics show significant promise in medicine, offering anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and cardioprotective effects. Glycosylation modifications enhance their therapeutic potential for various diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbohydrates play crucial biological roles and are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential.
  • Carbohydrate-based drugs are utilized in cardiovascular and hematological treatments, including anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review marketed and investigational carbohydrate-based therapeutics.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic applications based on preclinical studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on carbohydrate-based drugs.
  • Analysis of marketed drugs, clinical trial candidates, and preclinical compounds.

Main Results:

  • Carbohydrate therapeutics encompass polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and small molecules with diverse activities.
  • Examples include anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-thrombotic, anti-adhesive, anti-HIV, and anti-arthritic agents.
  • Monosaccharides and glycosylation-modified compounds show anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties.

Conclusions:

  • Carbohydrate-based therapeutics offer a vast potential for treating various medical conditions.
  • Modifications like glycosylation can improve drug efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties.