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Related Experiment Videos

Prototypicality in sentence production.

Kristine H Onishi1, Gregory L Murphy, Kathryn Bock

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stewart Biology Building, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1 Canada. konishi@ego.psych.mcgill.edu

Cognitive Psychology
|July 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Category typicality influences word order in sentence production, with typical items appearing first. This effect requires a conceptual framework and is context-dependent, emerging only when items are in the same phrase.

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Language Production

Background:

  • Prior research indicates typical items are mentioned before atypical items in phrases.
  • This pattern was previously linked to lexical variables like word frequency.
  • However, typicality is fundamentally a conceptual variable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of category typicality on word ordering during sentence production.
  • To determine if conceptual structure underlies the typicality effect in language.
  • To examine the role of context in the manifestation of typicality effects.

Main Methods:

  • Three cued-recall experiments were conducted.
  • Experiment 1 used established conceptual frameworks.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiments 2 and 3 manipulated category type (ad hoc vs. pre-existing) and phrase structure.

    • Main Results:

    • The typicality effect was observed only when an appropriate conceptual framework was present (Experiment 1).
    • No typicality effect was found for ad hoc categories lacking prior memory representations (Experiment 2).
    • Typicality influenced word order solely when category members appeared within the same phrase (Experiment 3).

    Conclusions:

    • Category typicality's effect on word order originates from conceptual structure.
    • Conceptual structure influences lexical accessibility, thereby affecting sentence production.
    • The typicality effect is context-dependent, requiring specific conditions for its emergence.