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Ureters

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

Disorders of the Urinary System

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Published on: December 20, 2014

Trauma of the ureter.

R K Rencken¹, A A Jansen, M S Bornman

¹Department of Urology, Medical University of Southern Africa, Pretoria.

South African Journal of Surgery. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Chirurgie

|December 1, 1991

Summary

This study reviewed 33 ureteric injuries treated over two years. Most patients had late presentations, but common repair methods like ureteroneocystostomy showed few complications.

Area of Science:

Urology
Surgical Repair
Trauma Management

Background:

Ureteric injuries can result from various causes, often leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Effective management strategies are crucial for optimal patient outcomes and minimizing morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the treatment outcomes of ureteric injuries over a two-year period.
To identify common modes of repair and associated complications in patients with ureteric injuries.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 33 patients treated for ureteric injuries.
Analysis of patient presentation, surgical repair techniques, and post-operative complications.

Main Results:

The majority of the 33 patients presented with late-stage ureteric injuries.

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An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

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Ureteroneocystostomy and transuretero-ureterostomy were the most frequently employed surgical repair methods.

Complications encountered were infrequent and generally minor in nature.

Conclusions:

Despite late presentation, common surgical interventions for ureteric injuries yield favorable outcomes.
Ureteroneocystostomy and transuretero-ureterostomy are effective in managing ureteric injuries with low complication rates.