Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...

Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane

Protein Transport to the Outer Chloroplast Membrane

Chloroplast outer membrane proteins encoded by the nucleus are synthesized in the cytosol. Soon after synthesis, they bind cytosolic factors such as 14-3-3 protein and the Hsp70 chaperones that keep these precursors in an unfolded state until their translocation.
Two models describe the mechanism of precursor recognition and entry across the outer membrane through the TOC complex. Model 1 suggests the newly synthesized precursor binds to the TOC receptor 159 and forms a complex.

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

Protein Transport to the Stroma

Protein Transport to the Stroma

Chloroplasts are triple membrane structures with an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane, each containing distinct metabolite transporters, membrane translocons, and enzymes. Appropriate sorting and translocating these proteins to their correct membrane systems is essential for chloroplast function.
Protein complexes called the translocon of the outer chloroplast membrane or TOC complex, and the translocon of the inner chloroplast membrane or TIC complex mediate the...

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Associations Between Physical Characteristics and Golf Clubhead Speed: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)·2024

Same author

Validity of a Smartphone App Using Artificial Intelligence for the Real-Time Measurement of Barbell Velocity in the Bench Press Exercise.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2023

Same author

Effects of Physical Training and Associations Between Physical Performance Characteristics and Golf Performance in Female Players: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2023

Same author

Validity and Reliability of Strategy Metrics to Assess Countermovement Jump Performance using the Newly Developed <i>My Jump Lab</i> Smartphone Application.

Journal of human kinetics·2022

Same author

The weight status of children in late childhood within south East Wales and predictions for their future health.

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)·2022

Same author

Climate and vegetation controls on boreal zone energy exchange.

Global change biology·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Studying Protein Import into Chloroplasts Using Protoplasts

Studying Protein Import into Chloroplasts Using Protoplasts

Published on: December 10, 2018

Intracellular signalling: chloroplast backchat.

¹Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. rpj3@le.ac.uk

Current Biology : CB

|July 20, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chloroplast signals regulate nuclear gene expression. GUN1, a chloroplast protein, integrates signals from various pathways to control this process.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Protein Import into Chloroplasts Isolated from Stressed Plants

Analysis of Protein Import into Chloroplasts Isolated from Stressed Plants

Published on: November 1, 2016

Forward Genetic Screen Using Transgenic Calcium Reporter Aequorin to Identify Novel Targets in Calcium Signaling

Forward Genetic Screen Using Transgenic Calcium Reporter Aequorin to Identify Novel Targets in Calcium Signaling

Published on: August 1, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Studying Protein Import into Chloroplasts Using Protoplasts

Studying Protein Import into Chloroplasts Using Protoplasts

Published on: December 10, 2018

Analysis of Protein Import into Chloroplasts Isolated from Stressed Plants

Analysis of Protein Import into Chloroplasts Isolated from Stressed Plants

Published on: November 1, 2016

Forward Genetic Screen Using Transgenic Calcium Reporter Aequorin to Identify Novel Targets in Calcium Signaling

Forward Genetic Screen Using Transgenic Calcium Reporter Aequorin to Identify Novel Targets in Calcium Signaling

Published on: August 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Plant biology
Molecular genetics
Cell signaling

Background:

Chloroplasts communicate with the nucleus to regulate gene expression.
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are crucial for various cellular processes.
GUN1 is a key protein localized in chloroplasts involved in signal integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the role of GUN1 in integrating chloroplast-derived signals.
To understand how GUN1 modulates nuclear gene expression for chloroplast proteins.

Main Methods:

Investigating the function of GUN1 in chloroplast signaling pathways.
Analyzing the impact of GUN1 on the expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast proteins.

Main Results:

GUN1 acts as a central integrator of chloroplast signals.
GUN1 influences the expression of nuclear genes essential for chloroplast function.

Conclusions:

GUN1 plays a vital role in the retrograde signaling pathway between chloroplasts and the nucleus.
Understanding GUN1's function provides insights into plant development and stress responses.