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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Published on: December 24, 2016

Dendritic cells: ontogeny.

Satoshi Takeuchi1, Masutaka Furue

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. takeuchs@dermatol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
|July 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit flexible development from both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, unlike other blood cells. This adaptability ensures their crucial immune functions are maintained under various conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical immune regulators, but their developmental origins have been complex and debated.
  • Historically, DCs were considered myeloid-derived due to similarities with macrophages and in vitro generation methods using monocytes and GM-CSF.
  • Emerging evidence suggested lymphoid origins, leading to confusion regarding DC lineage commitment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the ontogeny and developmental flexibility of various dendritic cell subsets.
  • To discuss the precursors and inducing factors influencing DC differentiation.
  • To provide insights into the clinical applications of understanding DC development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dendritic cell development.
  • Analysis of findings from in vitro studies using monocytes and GM-CSF.
  • Examination of data from knockout mouse models with specific lineage deficiencies.
  • Discussion of surface marker identification and consensus on DC lineage plasticity.

Main Results:

  • A consensus now recognizes that DC subsets can differentiate from both myeloid and lymphoid lineages.
  • Committed progenitors (common myeloid and lymphoid progenitors) serve as precursors for diverse DC subsets.
  • Knockout studies highlight the flexible developmental potential of DCs, rather than strict lineage restriction.

Conclusions:

  • Dendritic cell development is remarkably flexible, diverging from other hematopoietic cells.
  • This flexibility may stem from developmental redundancy to ensure population maintenance or the ability to utilize available precursors in situ.
  • Understanding this plasticity is key for harnessing DCs in clinical settings.