Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy
Published on: August 19, 2021
The risk of non-sentinel metastases in primary breast cancer
Ingo G Bauerfeind1, Steffen Kahlert, Isabelle Himsl
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany. ingo.bauerfeind@med.uni-muenchen.de
Background:
Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been established as standard of surgical care in primary breast cancer. If the sentinel node (SN) is negative, axillary dissection (ALND) is not necessary, but if the SN is positive ALND is warranted. This analysis evaluated associated risk factors for non-sentinel metastases in the case of a positive SN.
Patients And Methods:
A retrospective analysis of all SNB performed between 10/1999 and 07/2005 was carried out.
Results:
A total of 406 patients were included: 214 patients (51%) had SNB with ALND while 197 patients (49%) had SNB only. In 41 of 109 nodal-positive patients, the SN was the only nodal metastasis. In the multivariate analysis, the number of positive SN and the presence of lymphatic vessel infiltration were significant risk factors for additional non-sentinel metastases (p = 0.05 and 0.047, respectively). The risk for non-sentinel metastases was 25.9% without and 59.2% with these risk factors, respectively.
Conclusion:
If the SN is positive, ALND remains obligatory.
