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Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique
13:10

Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique

Published on: May 15, 2013

A new system for understanding nebulizer performance.

Robert L Chatburn1, Michael McPeck

  • 1Section of Respiratory Care, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195, USA. chatbur@ccf.org

Respiratory Care
|July 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a new model for nebulizer performance, standardizing how small-volume jet nebulizers are tested. This framework improves communication and comparability for in vitro studies and meta-analyses.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Nebulizer performance evaluation lacks standardized methodologies.
  • Inconsistent testing protocols hinder data comparison and meta-analysis.
  • Small-volume jet nebulizers require precise characterization for effective drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unifying conceptual and mathematical model for nebulizer performance.
  • To establish a standardized framework for in vitro evaluation of small-volume jet nebulizers.
  • To enhance clarity in research communication and facilitate data comparability for meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a conceptual model for nebulizer function.
  • Formulation of a mathematical model to predict nebulizer performance.

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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  • Creation of a lexicon for describing nebulizer characteristics.
  • Definition of a standardized breathing pattern for testing.

    • Main Results:

    • A comprehensive model integrating conceptual and mathematical aspects of nebulizer performance.
    • A standardized lexicon and breathing pattern for evaluating small-volume jet nebulizers.
    • A framework designed to improve the clarity and comparability of in vitro study data.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model provides a unifying theoretical framework for nebulizer research.
    • Standardization through this model will enhance communication among researchers.
    • The model facilitates the design of experiments yielding more comparable data for meta-analysis.