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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...

Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

Published on: August 8, 2022

Obesity cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis and pathophysiology.

Chiew Wong¹, Thomas H Marwick

¹Alfred Hospital and the Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.

Nature Clinical Practice. Cardiovascular Medicine

|July 27, 2007

Summary

Obesity is a growing global health issue. Emerging evidence suggests obesity causes heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) through metabolic changes and cardiac remodeling, independent of other conditions.

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An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level

Published on: November 2, 2020

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

Published on: August 8, 2022

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level

Published on: November 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Metabolic Disorders
Obesity Medicine

Background:

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic with recognized impacts on cardiovascular health.
Myocardial changes in obesity are increasingly observed, even without hypertension, sleep apnea, or coronary artery disease.
Existing evidence links obesity to heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evidence supporting the existence of obesity cardiomyopathy.
To elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to obesity-induced heart muscle disease.

Main Methods:

Review of epidemiologic studies associating obesity with heart failure.
Analysis of clinical studies demonstrating adiposity's link to left ventricular dysfunction.
Examination of experimental data on myocardial structural and functional changes in obesity.

Main Results:

Epidemiologic data show a correlation between obesity and increased risk of heart failure.
Clinical studies confirm left ventricular dysfunction in obese individuals, independent of comorbidities.
Experimental evidence indicates obesity leads to myocardial structural and functional alterations.

Conclusions:

A distinct cardiomyopathy of obesity is supported by multiple lines of evidence.
Key mechanisms include metabolic disturbances, neurohormonal activation, and vascular dysfunction.
Further research is warranted to fully understand and manage obesity cardiomyopathy.