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The Oral Microbiota

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

The Skin Microbiota

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...

Development of the Oral Microbiota

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Assessing the Viability of a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium on the In Vitro Gut Host-microbe Interface

Assessing the Viability of a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium on the In Vitro Gut Host-microbe Interface

Published on: July 4, 2018

Root canal microflora.

Marina George¹, Romana Ivancaková

¹Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Dentistry, Czech Republic.

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)

|July 28, 2007

Summary

New molecular techniques are revolutionizing endodontics by improving microbial identification in root canals. This review explores root canal microbiota and microbial invasion mechanisms.

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Endodontics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Endodontics is evolving with advanced microbial identification methods.
Understanding root canal microbiota is crucial for treatment success.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the microbiota in untreated and root-filled canals.
To discuss recent developments in microbial identification techniques.
To explore microbial invasion mechanisms in root canals.

Main Methods:

Literature review of molecular-based techniques.
Analysis of studies on root canal microbial communities.
Examination of research on microbial pathogenesis.

Main Results:

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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

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Molecular techniques offer enhanced accuracy in identifying endodontic pathogens.

Distinct microbial profiles exist in untreated versus root-filled canals.

Specific microbial virulence factors facilitate root canal colonization.

Conclusions:

Advanced molecular methods are transforming endodontic diagnostics.
Further research into microbial mechanisms can improve endodontic outcomes.
Accurate microbial identification is key to effective endodontic therapy.