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Related Concept Videos

Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
05:39

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

Palmoplantar keratoderma in myxedema.

R R Mittal1, Anju Jha

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Govt. Medical College and Rajindra Hospital Patiala-147 001, Punjab, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|July 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with palmoplantar keratoderma and myxedema. Investigations confirmed these conditions, presenting with skin changes and hypothyroid symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Palmoplantar keratoderma presents as skin thickening on palms and soles.
  • Myxedema, a symptom of hypothyroidism, involves non-pitting edema and other systemic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of concurrent palmoplantar keratoderma and myxedema.
  • To illustrate the clinical presentation and diagnostic confirmation of these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination of skin and systemic symptoms.
  • Diagnostic investigations to confirm palmoplantar keratoderma and myxedema.

Main Results:

  • The patient exhibited diffuse yellow, waxy, dry, and scaly skin on palms and soles.
  • Associated symptoms included hoarseness, weight gain, cold intolerance, and hair loss, consistent with myxedema.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
05:39

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

Conclusions:

  • The co-occurrence of palmoplantar keratoderma and myxedema can present with a distinct set of dermatological and systemic symptoms.
  • Prompt diagnosis through investigations is crucial for effective management.