Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth
Published on: May 17, 2024
Extraction of first permanent molar teeth: results from three dental hospitals
S Albadri1, H Zaitoun, S T McDonnell
1University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester, M15 6FH. sondos.albadri@manchester.ac.uk
Objective:
To evaluate and compare the reasons for and pattern of extraction of first permanent molars (FPMs) in three UK dental hospitals.
Design:
Prospective multicentre study.
Setting:
Hospital.
Subjects:
Three hundred children attending Manchester Dental Hospital, Liverpool Dental Hospital and Charles Clifford Dental Hospital (Sheffield) who required extraction of at least one FPM.
Result:
The mean age in months was 129 (SD 22.7), 139 (SD 29.4), and 133 (SD 26.8) for Manchester, Liverpool and Sheffield respectively. Forty-five percent and 48% of children had four FPMs extracted at Manchester and Sheffield respectively, compared to 25% in Liverpool. The main reason for extraction was caries with poor prognosis (70%); molar incisor hypomineralisation was the reason for extraction in 11% of cases. General anaesthesia was the main anaesthetic method used in 77%, 55%, and 47% of cases in Manchester, Liverpool and Sheffield respectively. Sixty-eight percent of cases had not received previous treatment for the FPMs and 5% had fissure sealants detected. Forty percent of children had had previous extractions.
Conclusion:
The children who are attending the hospitals for extraction of FPMs tend to be older than the recommended age for achieving spontaneous space closure. This study highlights the need for extensive prevention programs targeted at those children with high caries risk.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Teeth
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
01:21Tooth Anatomy
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.