[Model program for screening oral cancers in the Roma population]

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Oncology
• Epidemiology

Context:

• Oral cancer poses a significant public health threat, with high incidence and mortality rates in Hungary.
• Risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use are prevalent, particularly in high-risk populations like the Roma.
• Early detection through screening is crucial for improving outcomes.

Purpose:

• To develop and implement a targeted oral cancer screening model program for the Roma population in Hungary.
• To identify and survey risk factors associated with oral cancer within this demographic.
• To facilitate early diagnosis of oral precancerous lesions and cancer, and ensure patient referral to healthcare facilities.

Summary:

• A screening program was conducted in four Hungarian towns, involving 1,146 participants from the Roma population.
• Data collected revealed high prevalence of risk factors: 75% smokers, 45% regular alcohol consumers, and poor dental hygiene.
• 2.3% of participants had referable oral mucosal lesions, with 93% of positive cases not regularly seeing a dentist.

Impact:

• The study successfully elaborated a screening model applicable to disadvantaged populations for early oral cancer detection.
• The program demonstrated the feasibility of surveying risk factors and directing patients to care, aiming to reduce oral cancer morbidity and mortality.
• Highlights the importance of targeted screening initiatives for high-risk groups.