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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
GPCR Desensitization01:12

GPCR Desensitization

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
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Drug-Receptor Interaction: Antagonist

An antagonist is a drug that binds strongly to a receptor without activating it. An antagonist prevents other molecules, such as neurotransmitters or hormones, from binding to the receptor and triggering a cellular response. Such interaction effectively hinders the normal physiological processes mediated by the receptor, resulting in various pharmacological effects depending on the specific receptor targeted.
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of many...
Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist01:25

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist

Agonists are drugs that interact with specific receptors in the body to produce a biological response. When an agonist binds to a receptor, it activates or enhances the receptor's function, leading to physiological effects. The interaction between agonist drugs and receptors is crucial for their therapeutic action in various medical treatments.
Agonists can bind to receptors in different ways. Some agonists bind directly to the receptor's active site, mimicking the endogenous ligand's action.
Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism01:30

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...

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Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
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Copaxone interferes with the PrP Sc-GAG interaction.

R Engelstein1, H Ovadia, R Gabizon

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.

European Journal of Neurology
|July 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Copaxone prolonged prion disease incubation in hamsters by affecting the initial infection process. This immunomodulatory drug reduced prion (PrPSc) binding and accumulation in vitro, suggesting a novel therapeutic mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Prion diseases are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrPSc).
  • The immune system and inflammation play a role in prion disease pathogenesis.
  • Copaxone is an immunomodulatory drug used to treat multiple sclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of Copaxone on prion disease manifestation in scrapie-infected hamsters.
  • To explore the mechanism by which Copaxone might influence prion infection.

Main Methods:

  • Copaxone administration to hamsters at different time points relative to prion infection.
  • In vitro experiments assessing PrPSc binding to cells and heparin beads.
  • Evaluation of PrPSc accumulation in scrapie-infected cells treated with Copaxone.

Main Results:

  • Copaxone prolonged prion disease incubation by approximately 30 days when administered at the time of infection or mixed with the inoculum.
  • Copaxone demonstrated no effect when treatment began 2 weeks post-infection.
  • In vitro, Copaxone reduced PrPSc binding to cells and heparin beads, and inhibited PrPSc accumulation in infected cells.

Conclusions:

  • Copaxone may delay prion infection by interfering with the interaction between PrPSc and glycosaminoglycans.
  • The findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for Copaxone in early-stage prion infections.
  • Further research is needed to determine if Copaxone's immunomodulatory activity is linked to its anti-prion effects.