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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application
05:56

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Published on: April 14, 2023

Pigmentary disorders in China.

Xue-Jun Zhang1, Seng Yang, Min Gao

  • 1Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China. ayzxj@vip.sina.com

Dermatologic Clinics
|July 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Pigmentary disorders, affecting melanin pigmentation, manifest differently across ethnic groups and skin types. This article highlights common pigmentary diseases prevalent in China, focusing on hypermelanosis and hypomelanosis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application
05:56

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Published on: April 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Ethnic Skin Studies

Background:

  • Pigmentation variations exist across body regions and ethnic groups, leading to diverse pigmentary diseases.
  • Disorders of melanin pigmentation are broadly classified into hypermelanosis and hypomelanosis.
  • Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of pigmentary disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce characteristic pigmentary disorders prevalent in China.
  • To address the cosmetic concerns associated with pigmentary disorders on Chinese skin.

Main Methods:

  • Review of characteristic pigmentary disorders in China.
  • Discussion of hypermelanosis and hypomelanosis in the context of ethnic skin.

Main Results:

  • Pigmentary disorders are particularly noticeable on Chinese skin, causing significant cosmetic concerns.
  • Specific pigmentary diseases common in China are identified and described.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ethnic-specific pigmentary disorders is crucial for patient management and cosmetic outcomes.
  • Characteristic pigmentary disorders in China warrant focused dermatological attention due to visibility and patient concern.