[Nephrobronchial fistula]

Nephrobronchial fistula is a rare pathology both in absolute terms and in relation to the complications of renal inflammatory processes. Clinical symptoms may be varied but pulmonary complications, which may mask renal symptoms, are generally predominant; cough, hemoptysis and the expectoration of calculi are rarely found. Occasionally, as in the case reported here, the most evident sign is an infective process due to the contemporaneous fistulization of subcutaneous tissues. Instrumental diagnosis is based on chest and abdomen X-ray, fistulography, retrograde pyelography and abdominal CT. CAT may be useful above all in the study of pararenal abscesses.