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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Learning disorders in children and adolescents.

Helen D Pratt1, Dilip R Patel

  • 1Division of Behavioral-Developmental Pediatrics, Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA. pratt@kcms.msu.edu

Primary Care
|August 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Students with severe learning disabilities benefit from tailored instruction in abstract comprehension. Early intervention is key for children with learning, attention, and cognitive disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Special Education

Background:

  • Early identification and intervention are crucial for children with learning, attention, and cognitive disorders.
  • Children with above-average intelligence may develop compensatory strategies to mitigate negative outcomes.
  • Factors like parental support and medical conditions influence a child's developmental trajectory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of abstract higher-order comprehension instruction for students with severe learning disabilities.
  • To highlight the importance of individualized instructional approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Instructional strategies were designed based on the specific needs of students with severe learning disabilities.
  • Focus was placed on abstract higher-order comprehension skills.

Main Results:

  • Students with severe learning disabilities demonstrated significant gains from tailored abstract comprehension instruction.
  • Early intervention positively impacts outcomes for most children with learning, attention, and cognitive impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized instruction can unlock the potential of students with severe learning disabilities in abstract thinking.
  • Proactive and individualized support systems are vital for optimizing developmental outcomes in children with diverse needs.