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Advances in renal (patho)physiology using multiphoton microscopy.

A Sipos¹, I Toma, J J Kang

¹Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.

Kidney International

|August 2, 2007

Summary

Multiphoton microscopy offers advanced imaging of kidney function, revealing cellular processes and challenging existing physiological paradigms. This technology holds promise for developing new non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic tools in nephrology.

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Biomedical Imaging
Physiology

Background:

Multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technique for deep tissue imaging.
It enables ultrasensitive, quantitative imaging of organ functions with high resolution.
This technology has been widely applied in studying various organ functions, including the kidney.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding renal (patho)physiology using multiphoton microscopy.
To highlight the capabilities of this technique in visualizing cellular variables and physiological processes in the kidney.
To discuss the potential of multiphoton microscopy for clinical nephrology.

Main Methods:

In vivo quantitative multiphoton imaging.
Visualization of cellular variables (cytosolic calcium, pH, cell-to-cell communication).

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Real-time imaging of kidney functions like tubuloglomerular feedback and renin release.

Main Results:

Visualization of interstitial fluid flow in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA).
Real-time imaging of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and renin release mechanisms.
Quantitative assessment of glomerular filtration, permeability, and intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity.

Conclusions:

Multiphoton microscopy provides novel insights into renal (patho)physiology.
New visual data challenge existing paradigms in kidney function.
This technique has significant potential for developing non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic tools in clinical nephrology.