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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
Structural changes in ceramic veneered three-unit implant-supported restorations as a consequence of static and
Matthias Karl1, Horst Fischer, Friedrich Graef
1Department of Prosthodontics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. karl_matthias@web.de
Static and dynamic loading can damage implant-supported restorations, increasing ceramic cracks and chipping. Screw-retained restorations cast in one piece showed better stability than cementable ones, while those using premachined gold cylinders performed worst.
Area of Science:
- Dental materials science
- Biomaterials engineering
- Prosthodontics
Background:
- Non-passive implant restorations can lead to technical complications.
- Metal-ceramic restorations are prevalent in implant prosthodontics.
- Understanding loading effects on ceramic veneer stability is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of static and dynamic loading on the ceramic veneer stability of implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs).
Main Methods:
- Ten groups of three-unit implant FPDs (n=5 per group) underwent static and dynamic loading (20,000 cycles, 100N).
- The fluorescent penetrant method (FPM) detected microcracks at cervical and occlusal aspects.
- Statistical analysis used t-tests for microcrack numbers and Exact Fisher tests for chipping fractures (α=0.05).
Main Results:
- Both static and dynamic loading increased microcrack numbers and chipping fracture frequency.
- Screw-retained, one-piece cast FPDs had significantly fewer cervical microcracks after static loading compared to cementable restorations (p=0.003).
- FPDs fabricated with premachined gold cylinders exhibited the highest crack and chipping rates under both loading conditions.
Conclusions:
- Static loading can compromise the ceramic layer integrity in implant-supported restorations.
- The use of prefabricated components, potentially lacking bonding oxides, may contribute to increased microcracks.
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