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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
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Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

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Upper airway viral infections.

David Proud1

  • 1Airway Inflammation Group and Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. dproud@ucalgary.ca <dproud@ucalgary.ca>

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|August 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Upper airway viral infections (URI) cause significant work and school absences. This review explores how URIs trigger symptoms and worsen conditions like asthma and COPD, impacting overall health.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Upper airway viral infections (URI) are common causes of illness and lost productivity.
  • Complications of URI, such as otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbations of asthma and COPD, have a substantial health impact.
  • The mechanisms linking URI to upper airway symptoms and lower airway disease exacerbations are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of URI pathogenesis.
  • To examine the mechanisms of viral exacerbations in asthma and COPD.
  • To discuss host defense factors and therapeutic strategies for URI and its complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathogenesis of URI.
  • Review of viral exacerbations in asthma and COPD.

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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

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  • Analysis of host defense mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • URI pathogenesis and its role in exacerbating lower airway diseases are complex.
    • Host defense parameters play a crucial role in disease susceptibility.
    • Current and potential therapeutic strategies are being explored.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of URI and its complications.
    • Understanding host defense mechanisms can inform the development of targeted therapies.
    • Effective management of URI and its sequelae requires a comprehensive approach.