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Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...

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Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
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Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Published on: February 1, 2017

Diffusion process with two reflecting barriers in a time-dependent potential.

Elisabeth Mayr1, Michael Schulz, Peter Reineker

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. elisabeth.mayr@uni-ulm.de

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

We studied a driven Brownian particle confined by boundaries. The particle

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
12:06

Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

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Measuring Diffusion Coefficients via Two-photon Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
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Published on: February 26, 2010

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
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Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

Published on: October 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Brownian motion describes random particle movement.
  • Confined systems exhibit unique dynamics.
  • External forces alter particle behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate Brownian particle dynamics under oscillating force and boundaries.
  • Analyze the time-asymptotic regime of particle motion.
  • Understand resonancelike phenomena in particle response.

Main Methods:

  • Solving the Fokker-Planck equation.
  • Utilizing the finite-element method for numerical solutions.
  • Focusing on the mean position's dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed resonancelike behavior in the particle's mean position amplitude and dynamical shift.
  • Response is dependent on external force strength and diffusion coefficient.
  • Phenomena observed in specific parameter regimes.

Conclusions:

  • Heuristic explanations provided for observed numerical results.
  • Qualitative estimates derived for system behavior.
  • Demonstrated complex dynamics in driven, confined Brownian systems.