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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

5.2K
The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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The Mouse Stroke Unit Protocol with Standardized Neurological Scoring for Translational Mouse Stroke Studies
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Perioperative stroke.

Uma Menon1, Meghan Kenner, Roger E Kelley

  • 1Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA. umenon@lsuhsc.edu

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|August 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying patients at higher risk for perioperative stroke is crucial. Advanced age and pre-existing conditions like hypertension and diabetes increase stroke risk during invasive procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Perioperative stroke risk is substantial, particularly in patients with pre-existing vascular event risk factors.
  • Risk is heightened by invasive procedures, especially in older patients with comorbidities.
  • Coexisting conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cardiac disease, and clotting disorders contribute to cumulative risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify patient risk factors for perioperative stroke.
  • To elucidate mechanisms linking surgical procedures to thromboembolic events.
  • To highlight specific procedures associated with increased stroke risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of patient risk factors including age and comorbidities.
  • Analysis of procedural mechanisms contributing to thromboembolism.
  • Identification of specific surgical and endovascular procedures linked to stroke.

Main Results:

  • Patients with advanced age and multiple comorbidities (hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cardiac disease, clotting disorders) are at higher risk.
  • Mechanisms include preoperative hypercoagulability, cessation of antithrombotic therapy, and cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Procedures like head/neck surgery, carotid endarterectomy, and endovascular interventions (stenting, clot retrieval, aneurysm/AVM obliteration) pose risks.

Conclusions:

  • Perioperative stroke risk is identifiable and linked to patient-specific factors and procedural interventions.
  • Understanding these risks and mechanisms is vital for patient management.
  • Specific surgical and endovascular procedures require careful consideration regarding stroke risk.