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Related Experiment Videos

How to optimize patch testing with diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

Malin Frick-Engfeldt1, Marléne Isaksson, Erik Zimerson

  • 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden. malin.frick@med.lu.se

Contact Dermatitis
|August 8, 2007
PubMed
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Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) patch tests are as effective as diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI) tests and more stable. 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4′-MDA) can serve as a reliable alternative marker for 4,4′-MDI patch testing.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Diphenylmethane diisocyanates (MDIs) are common causes of occupational asthma and allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) preparations offer greater stability compared to monomeric diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI) preparations.
  • Optimal patch testing protocols for MDIs are still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic yield of PMDI and 4,4′-MDI in patch testing.
  • To investigate concurrent reactions between 4,4′-MDI and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4′-MDA).
  • To monitor the temporal course of MDI-induced allergic reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing with PMDI and 4,4′-MDI preparations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Patch testing with 4,4′-MDA as a potential marker.
  • Clinical evaluation of patch test reactions over 4 weeks, with readings on days 3/4 and 7.

    • Main Results:

    • PMDI patch tests elicited reactions comparable to those of 4,4′-MDI.
    • Late-phase reactions (after day 7) were observed for both 4,4′-MDI and PMDI.
    • 4,4′-MDA demonstrated a high rate of concurrent reactions with 4,4′-MDI, suggesting its utility as a marker.

    Conclusions:

    • PMDI is a suitable and more stable alternative for MDI patch testing.
    • Recommended patch test concentration: 2.0% PMDI in petrolatum (approx. 0.7% monomer).
    • Recommended reading times: days 3/4 and 7, due to late-phase reactions.
    • 4,4′-MDA (0.25% petrolatum) can be used as an alternative to PMDI for identifying 4,4′-MDI sensitization.