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The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
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Chemical changes in rubber allergens during vulcanization.

Ola Bergendorff1, Christina Persson, Anna Lüdtke

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden. ola.bergendorff@skame.se

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|August 8, 2007
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Summary

Chemicals in rubber products can cause allergic contact dermatitis. This study reveals how rubber manufacturing changes these chemicals, often converting allergens like thiurams into other substances, impacting skin reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to rubber is a common skin condition.
  • Chemical residues from rubber manufacturing are primary allergens.
  • Accelerators like thiurams, dithiocarbamates, and mercaptobenzothiazoles are frequently implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemical transformations of common rubber allergens during vulcanization.
  • To understand how the vulcanization process alters the composition of rubber additives.
  • To identify the resulting chemical species present in the final rubber product.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical analysis of various rubber formulations.
  • Monitoring rubber composition at different stages of the vulcanization process.
  • Investigating the fate of specific accelerators like thiurams.

Main Results:

  • Significant chemical changes occur during vulcanization, with additives being consumed and new compounds formed.
  • Thiuram disulfides, often used as additives, are rarely detected in the final rubber product.
  • Thiurams are frequently converted into dithiocarbamates or react with mercaptobenzothiazoles when used together.

Conclusions:

  • The vulcanization process fundamentally alters the chemical nature of rubber additives.
  • The observed chemical conversions explain the presence of specific allergens in final rubber products.
  • Understanding these transformations is crucial for managing rubber-related allergic contact dermatitis.