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Related Concept Videos

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
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Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
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Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
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Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
What is Homeostasis?01:16

What is Homeostasis?

Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F). Physiological...

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Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry
07:12

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Published on: January 19, 2020

Human BSAP and BLIMP1 conform an autoregulatory feedback loop.

Francisco Mora-López1, Elena Reales, José A Brieva

  • 1Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avenida Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain.

Blood
|August 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

B-cell activator protein (BSAP) binds to the PRDM1 gene promoter, repressing its own regulator, BLIMP1. This discovery reveals a negative feedback loop crucial for plasma cell differentiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP1) is a key regulator of plasma cell differentiation.
  • BLIMP1 represses PAX5, essential for B-cell identity.
  • Mutations in PRDM1 and PAX5 are linked to lymphomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory relationship between BSAP and the PRDM1 gene.
  • To identify the role of BSAP binding to the PRDM1 promoter.

Main Methods:

  • Sequence analysis of the PRDM1 gene.
  • Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA).
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays.
  • Functional assays using mutated PRDM1 promoter.

Main Results:

  • BSAP binds to a specific site on the human PRDM1 promoter.
  • BSAP binding to PRDM1 was confirmed in vivo.
  • Ectopic expression of BSAP repressed BLIMP1 expression.
  • Mutation of the BSAP-binding site abolished repression of BLIMP1.

Conclusions:

  • BSAP directly represses the PRDM1 gene.
  • This repression forms an autoregulatory negative-feedback loop.
  • This loop is potentially significant in controlling human plasma cell differentiation.