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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Microbial Nutrition01:28

Microbial Nutrition

Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
Absorption of Nutrients01:19

Absorption of Nutrients

Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...
Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:28

Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...

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Related Experiment Videos

Nutrition in the 'omics' era.

J A Milner1

  • 1Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Md., USA.

Forum of Nutrition
|August 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Dietary bioactive compounds impact health, influencing genetic potential, physical and cognitive performance, and disease risk. Understanding the

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Genomics
  • Epigenomics

Background:

  • Growing consumer interest in diet quality and safety.
  • Evidence links bioactive food components to health outcomes, quality of life, and disease risk.
  • Dietary habits are implicated in premature mortality from various chronic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interrelationship between food components and 'omics' fields.
  • To explain variability in study responses to dietary interventions.
  • To highlight the potential for personalized nutrition based on individual responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature.
  • Exploration of the 'omics' (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) in relation to diet.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of factors contributing to individual variability in response to food components.

    • Main Results:

    • Bioactive food components influence genetic potential, physical and cognitive performance.
    • Dietary habits significantly impact the risk and severity of various diseases.
    • Individual variability, influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, accounts for differing responses to diet.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the 'omics' interplay with food components is crucial for defining molecular targets.
    • This knowledge can identify individuals most likely to benefit from specific dietary interventions.
    • Personalized nutrition strategies can be developed based on individual 'omics' profiles.